Polycythemia vera (PV) is a blood disorder that occurs when the body produces too many red blood cells. 

PV is an incurable condition, yet it is a manageable one. It is often labeled as a slow-growing form of leukemia. This disease can cause various symptoms, including fatigue, headaches, itching and vision problems. Living with PV can seem difficult and managing long-term complications can be a challenge. In this article, we discuss the causes, diagnosis, signs and symptoms, and treatment of PV.

What is Polycythemia Vera? 

Polycythemia vera (PV) is a blood disorder in which the body produces too many red blood cells. It is a type of myeloproliferative disorder, in which the bone marrow (the soft, inner layer of the long bones where blood cells are made) produces too many blood cells. White and platelet (blood clotting) production may also be affected in some cases.

The cause of polycythemia vera is unknown, though it is most commonly found in people over 60 years old. PV is not contagious and most cases are not inherited (passed down from parent to child).

Signs and Symptoms

The signs and symptoms of PV can be mild or severe and may come and go or last for a long time. It’s important to note that some people may not experience any symptoms at all. Symptoms of PV can include:

• Fatigue • Headaches • Itching • Vision problems • Sweating during physical activity • Increased heart rate or irregular heartbeat • Chest pain • Shortness of breath • Bluish tinge to the skin

Diagnosis If you’re exhibiting any symptoms of PV, your doctor will likely order a series of blood tests. The doctor will look for the level of red blood cells (erythrocyte count) and other markers of PV. If the erythrocyte count is higher than normal, your doctor may order a bone marrow biopsy to examine the structure of the bone marrow. This test can help confirm a diagnosis of PV.

Treatment The main treatment for PV is phlebotomy, or the removal of excess blood to decrease the number of red blood cells. In some cases, medications such as hydroxyurea or interferon may be used to help reduce production of red blood cells.

It’s important to work with your doctor to come up with a treatment plan that fits your needs and lifestyle. Some people with PV require phlebotomy multiple times a week, while others may not require it as often. Working with your doctor can help make sure your treatment plan is tailored to you.

Complications Living with PV can come with long-term complications, such as an increased risk of blood clots, or stroke and heart attack caused by clots in the veins and arteries. PV can also decrease platelet production, leading to abnormal bleeding.

Your doctor will be able to help you manage these complications and minimize your risk of developing clotting problems. Some methods for reducing your risk of complications include quitting smoking, exercising regularly, and eating a healthy diet.

Overall, understanding symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of PV can help make living with the disorder easier. If you’re experiencing any symptoms that may be related to PV, make sure to speak to your doctor as soon as possible. With the right treatment plan and lifestyle modifications, you can manage symptoms, reduce complications, and maintain a healthier lifestyle.